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CSC2005
Physics Computing Track
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Coordinators:
Rudi Frühwirth,
HEPHY Vienna
Andreas Pfeiffer,
CERN
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The track will introduce the fundamental concepts of Physics Computing and
will then address the central aspects of simulation and visualization,
including the simulation
of the experimental setup to optimize detectors, to test and improve
the reconstruction software, and to gain a detailed understanding of
the data.
The first series of lectures gives
an overview of the software and hardware components required for the
processing of the experimental data, from the source - the detector - to
the physics analysis. The emphasis is on the concepts, but some
implementation details are discussed as well. The key concept is data
reduction, both in terms of rate and in terms of information density.
The various algorithms used for data reduction, both online and offline,
are described. The flow of the real data is the main topic, but the need
for and the production of simulated data is discussed as well.
The second series of lectures
gives an introduction to the domain of simulating high energy physics
experiments with practical examples taken from the CERN/LHC based CMS
experiment. The lectures focus on event simulation based on the GEANT4
toolkit. GEANT4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles
through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including
tracking, geometry, physics models, and hits. The physics processes
offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic
and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials
and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250
eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed
and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex
geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in
different sets of applications.
Basic simulation requirements are explained, such as experimental setup
in terms of geometry, materials, and external electromagnetic fields,
principles of physics processes, selection and configuration of physics
processes, run and event concepts, and extraction of hit information. It
is shown how this requirements are met by applying GEANT4. The
programming language used throughout the lecture series is C++.
These lectures will cover data analysis of
simulated data using GEANT4, JAS3 and WIRED4 with an emphasis on rapidly
developing simulations of prototype detectors. We will explain how to
set up GEANT4 geometries using GDML (an XML markup developed
specifically for GEANT4) how to visualize the resulting detectors and
events using HepRep and WIRED4, and how to analyse the resulting data
using JAS3. |
Overview
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Type |
Series |
Lecture |
Description |
Lecturer |
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Lectures
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General
Introduction to Physics Computing |
Series |
General
Introduction to Physics Computing
The two
lectures give an overview of the software and hardware
components required for the processing of the experimental
data, from the source - the detector - to the physics
analysis. The emphasis is on the concepts, but some
implementation details are discussed as well. The key
concept is data reduction, both in terms of rate and in
terms of information density. The various algorithms used
for data reduction, both online and offline, are described.
The flow of the real data is the main topic, but the need
for and the production of simulated data is discussed as
well. |
Rudi Frühwirth |
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Lecture 1 |
Lecture 1: Event filtering
The
first lecture deals with the multi-level event filters
(triggers) that are used to select the physically
interesting events and to bring down the event rate to an
acceptable figure. Some examples of the hardware and
software that is deployed by the LHC experiments are
presented. |
Rudi Frühwirth |
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Lecture 2 |
Reconstruction
and simulation
The
second lecture describes the various stages of event
reconstruction, including calibration and alignment. The
emphasis is on algorithms and data structures. The need for
large amounts of simulated data is explained. The lecture
concludes with a brief resume of the principles of physics
analysis and the tools that are currently employed. |
Rudi Frühwirth
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Lectures
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Introduction to Experiment simulation
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Lecture 1
Lecture 2
Lecture 3
Lecture 4 |
Introduction to Experiment simulation
This series of lectures gives an introduction to the domain
of simulating high energy physics experiments with practical
examples taken from the CERN/LHC based CMS
experiment.
The lectures focus on event simulation based on the GEANT4
toolkit. GEANT4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles
through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including
tracking, geometry, physics models, and hits. The physics processes
offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromagnetic, hadronic
and optical processes, a large set of long-lived particles, materials
and elements, over a wide energy range starting, in some cases, from 250
eV and extending in others to the TeV energy range. It has been designed
and constructed to expose the physics models utilised, to handle complex
geometries, and to enable its easy adaptation for optimal use in
different sets of applications.
Basic simulation requirements are explained, such as experimental setup
in terms of geometry, materials, and external electromagnetic fields,
principles of physics processes, selection and configuration of physics
processes, run and event concepts, and extraction of hit information. It
is shown how this requirements are met by applying GEANT4. The
programming language used throughout the lecture series is C++. |
Martin Liendl |
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Exercises
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Introduction to Experiment simulation
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Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5 |
Combined exercises on Experiment simulation and
Data Analysis and Visualization
Depending on their study backgrounds and personal
interests, students will have the possibility to work on various exercises
split into two topic sets aligned to the two lecture series:
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One problem set
is related to developing experiment simulation code based on GEANT4.
-
The
corresponding exercises will focus on detector description, physics
processes selection and tuning, and data extraction from a running
simulation. Basic knowledge of C++ is required to work on the provided code
examples.
|
Martin Liendl
Mark Donszelmann
Tony Johnson |
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Lectures
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Data Analysis and Visualization
using GEANT4, JAS3, and WIRED4 |
Lecture 1
Lecture 2
Lecture 3 |
Data Analysis and Visualization
using GEANT4, JAS3, and WIRED4
These lectures will cover
data analysis of simulated data using GEANT4, JAS3 and
WIRED4 with an emphasis on rapidly developing
simulations of prototype detectors. We will explain how
to set up GEANT4 geometries using GDML (an XML markup
developed specifically for GEANT4) how to visualize the
resulting detectors and events using HepRep and WIRED4,
and how to analyse the resulting data using JAS3.
The lectures will introduce
WIRED4 and JAS3. JAS3 is an experiment independent
analysis toolkit which can be used to analyse data in a
wide variety of different formats. We will demonstrate
how to use JAS3 and AIDA, the underlying data analysis
toolkit, for a variety of tasks including analysis of
data produced by GEANT4. We will describe the structure
of JAS3 and explain how developers can extend it by
writing Java plugins. WIRED4 is a general purpose event
display implemented as a plugin to JAS3. We will explain
the major features such as user interactivity, special
projections, data selection and cuts. We will cover how
to generate events in the HepRep format used by WIRED
from GEANT4 or other sources, and describe how users can
extend the functionality of WIRED by writing their own
plugins.
Some familiarity with Java
and XML will be useful but not required for
understanding the lectures.
|
Mark Donszelmann
Tony Johnson |
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Exercises
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Experiment simulation and visualization
(part 2) |
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
Exercise 5 |
Combined exercises on Experiment simulation and
Data Analysis and Visualization
Depending on their study backgrounds and personal
interests, students will have the possibility to work on various exercises
split into two topic sets aligned to the two lecture series:
-
One problem set
is related to developing experiment simulation code based on GEANT4.
-
The
corresponding exercises will focus on detector description, physics
processes selection and tuning, and data extraction from a running
simulation. Basic knowledge of C++ is required to work on the provided code
examples.
|
Martin Liendl
Mark Donszelmann
Tony Johnson |
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